The multiplier term is due to the action of solute pumps that increase (multiply) the concentrations of urea and Na + deep in the medulla, as described next. The countercurrent term comes from the fact that the descending and ascending loops are next to each other and their fluid flows in opposite directions (countercurrent). The structure of the loop of Henle and associated peritubular capillary create a countercurrent multiplier system ( Figure 25.6.1). We will look at how the loop of Henle functions to create a concentration gradient in the renal medulla and how the vasa recta functions to preserve that concentration gradient. Recall that the loop of Henle is permeable to water along the descending portion and impermeable to water on the ascending portion, but also additionally pumping Na + and Cl – into the interstitial space of the renal medulla. 4 L of urine/day to as much as 20L urine/day, all while balancing plasma composition and excreting potential toxins in the urine.In order to be able to adjust urine concentration and volume, the kidney has to have the ability to move water out of the tubule and back into the blood. This is how kidneys produce anywhere from. Until the filtrate passes through the renal papilla into the minor calyx, it can be affected by nephron processes. Urine is the end product once the filtrate has been fully manipulated by the nephrons. Explain the role of aldosterone and ADH in urine production.Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanisms in urine production.Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Describe how the kidney modifies filtrate to influence urine production
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